![]() ![]() He thinks that if not investigated the aspect of civic life then conflict ethnic will be more severe not only in physical violence but also latent violence that comes from a sense of hatred. He calls 'the puzzle of instrumentalism' as a signal that under certain circumstances the tension on ethnicity is useful for elites to drive the political purpose in regional and national level. At the beginning of the discussion on civil society, Varhney identifies that aspect civic life can be vulnerable to conflict and potential to design the framework of peace. Elite Integration And Civil Engagement For Sustainable Peace Varshney Varshney's book, The Conflict Ethnic and Civic Life, is an adequate reference for looking at how to parse the issue of ethnic conflict. ![]() By discussing Vasrhney and Tadjoeddin about civic engagement and elite integration, this paper will seek whether the civic engagement and elite integration would be relevant to explain the social relation between Malay and Madurese in Sambas.
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